Prevalence of risk factors for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in children under two years referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, during 2022-2023
ROZHIN KASIRI1 *, ALI KASIRI2 , MOHAMMAD ARMIN KASIRI10
- GHOLAMREZA KHATAMINIA
- MOHAMMAD SADEGH MIRDEHGHAN FARASHAH
Abstract: Introduction: Given the high incidence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in children, numerous studies have focused on its treatment. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the risk factors contributing to the onset of this condition. Therefore, the present study focuses on children diagnosed with CNLDO, with the aim of identifying various risk factors that may play a significant role in the development of this condition.
Methods: Materials and Methods: This observational, case-control study was conducted in the Ophthalmology Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. The study included 122 children with CNLDO under the age of two years, along with a control group of 122 children of the same age range without CNLDO. Data pertaining to the children and their mothers was collected from the children’s medical records. Additionally, interviews with the parents were conducted to gather further information.
Results: Results: The study found a significant correlation between the occurrence of CNLDO and several maternal factors, such as preeclampsia, the use of levothyroxine, hypothyroidism, having more than three pregnancies (gravidity >3), natural pregnancy, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Additionally, in children, factors, such as oxygen therapy, anemia, reflux, jaundice, and a family history of CNLDO in first-degree relatives were associated with CNLDO. The logistic regression analysis indicated that a history of CNLDO in first-degree relatives, preeclampsia, gravidity >3, natural pregnancy, reflux, and jaundice could increase the likelihood of developing CNLDO. However, when all these variables were combined in the adjusted odds ratio (OR) analysis, only maternal preeclampsia and hypothyroidism were found to significantly increase the risk of developing CNLDO in children.
Conclusion: Conclusion: Given that CNLDO affects both premature and full-term children, the identification of its risk factors can contribute to advancements in the prevention of this condition.
Keywords: Risk factors, Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, Children
